演講嘉賓
主會場(澳門科學館會議中心)- 第一天 (11月16日)
主會場(澳門科學館會議中心)- 第二天 (11月17日)
澳門大學專場 - 第二天 (11月17日)
澳門旅遊學院專場 - 第二天 (11月17日)
陈奉林
北京師範大學教授
個人簡介
陳奉林,歷史學博士,曾任北京外交學院外交系教授,現為北京師範大學歷史學院教授,博士生導師。研究方向為日本史、東亞史和東方外交史等;在《世界歷史》、《當代亞太》、《史學集刊》、《太平洋學報》等雜誌發表論文近百篇,著有《戰後日台關係史》,合作主編《東方外交史之發展》、《東方外交與臺灣》、《東方外交史中的日本》、《東方外交與朝鮮半島問題》、《東西方文化與外交方略比較理論篇》、《印度崛起與東方外交》等。
演講題目
東方歷史視野下的海上絲綢之路—以日本學者研究為中心的考察
演講摘要
日本學者在近百年時間裡,對橫亙東方歷史若干世紀的海上絲綢之路進行了創造性的卓有成效的研究,推出許多有價值的著作,總結了人類交往的歷史經驗與方法,建立起縝密開闊的海洋知識體系。東方人開闢的海上絲綢之路歷史悠久,涵蓋廣闊,連結了東方與西方、古代與近代,帶來的社會變遷意義重大。把海上絲綢之路放置整個東方歷史的總座標中,思考它的時空地位、作用與價值,是極有意義的探討。絲綢之路對人類的最大貢獻,是溝通了東方與西方以及東方國家內部的交流交匯,實現了人類文明成果共用,在交流中共同走向時代的高處。
Susan Denyer
國際古跡遺址理事會 (ICOMOS) 世界遺產高級顧問
個人簡介
Susan Denyer是國際古蹟遺址理事會(ICOMOS)世界遺產高級顧問。她參與評估世界遺產提名及英國以外世界遺產地的保護狀況,並在歐洲、亞洲、中東和非洲執行ICOMOS的國際任務。在過去19年,她一直作為ICOMOS成員參與聯合國教科文組織世界遺產委員會會議上。在該期間,她參與制定概念文件、專題研究及絲綢之路陸路提名框架。此前,她曾在英國國民信託(National Trust)及多間博物館工作,並擔任講師,包括在東非和西非任教六年,亦曾擔任國際低成本住房網絡BASIN的主席以及INTACH UK(英國的印度藝術及文化遺產國民信託)的秘書。她發表過許多關於文化景觀的著作,並在多所大學任臨時講師。
演講題目
Maritime Silk Routes and the World Heritage Convention: ICOMOS Scoping Study
演講摘要
There is much interest in exploring how Maritime Silk Routes relate to the World Heritage Convention and whether they can be considered as an integrated network similar to the Silk Road land routes, or whether alternatives approaches are needed. The presentation will discuss the context within which the ICOMOS Scoping Study will be undertaken, and some of the specific challenges and opportunities that it will be considering.
Tim Williams
英國倫敦大學學院教授
個人簡介
Tim Williams教授專研城市考古、絲綢之路、考古遺產管理及世界遺產,特別是文化路線和文化景觀領域。他是聯合國教科文組織跨國串連絲綢之路提名專家及聯合國教科文組織南亞絲綢之路項目專家,曾承擔國際古蹟遺址理事會(ICOMOS)絲綢之路專題研究,並是國際古蹟遺址理事會英國委員會在ICOMOS考古遺產管理委員會的代表。他執教絲綢之路考古碩士課程、考古遺址管理碩士課程、應用遺產管理碩士課程、亞洲考古遺產管理碩士課程。他是皇家亞洲學會會員,以及國際期刊《考古遺址保護與管理》前主編。
演講題目
The Maritime Silk Routes: the Interconnected Seas
演講摘要
The nature of maritime interactions changed with time and tides. Technologies and skills developed, altering ship building, seafaring, and navigation, and through these, the nature of interactions along the MSR. Not all exchanges were peaceful, not all were beneficial, but all impacted upon the communities they touched. These exchanges have left tangible and intangible traces across a vast region. We face numerous challenges in preserving this material, but the potential, to weave complex and engaging narratives, is exciting.
池田榮史
日本國學院大學教授
個人簡介
池田榮史是國際古蹟遺址理事會(ICOMOS)日本分會成員,亦是ACA水下文化遺產全國委員會主席。他目前是日本國學院大學研究與發展促進組織的教授。在此之前,他一直擔任沖繩琉球大學全球與區域研究系教授至2021年離職。在長期的職業生涯中,他在沖繩考古及水下考古學方面累積了豐富經驗。其代表性成就包括在國家級高島水下遺址成功識別並挖掘元代艦隊沉船。
演講題目
Enhancing Public Awareness and Communities’ Engagements with Maritime Cultural Heritage
演講題目
An archaeological study on historic anchors gives us the better understanding of the historical transition of the voyage and shipping of Maritime Silk Road. A small object like the anchor is, however, not necessarily recognized among the public as its importance composing the Maritime Silk Road heritage. Crowdfunding is an effective measure to finance the public awareness and engagement with “Maritime Cultural Heritage”. It is often pointed out that it is difficult to get public recognition of underwater archaeological sites and objects. Except for those sites in coastal environments, sunken heritage in particular is not accessible heritage without diving skills. Following scientific surveys, maritime and underwater cultural heritage only become visible for many of us when artifacts are being lifted from the water. A crowdfunded maritime project led by the municipal office of Matsuura city in Japan raised a thirteenth century wooden anchor from a Yuan era ship has demonstrated that such approach can propel the public support for the preservation of maritime cultural heritage. The project has also exemplified that the crowdfunded preservation work of a movable relic like this historic anchor even helps public awareness on sunken heritage. Referring to the project, we recognize there can be many types of valuable artefacts composing maritime cultural heritage that represents the historic voyages and networks of the “Maritime Silk Routes”.
林志宏
聯合國教科文組織 (UNESCO) 世界遺產中心亞太處專員
個人簡介
林志宏教授、博士(PhD),是一名城市規劃師及藝術史學家,專注於世界遺產文化景觀領域,負責管理聯合國教科文組織世界遺產中心亞太組的“遺產、文化景觀及絲綢之路保護項目”。林教授1967年生於台灣,現為法國籍,1991年起在巴黎生活及工作,並自1997年起在聯合國教科文組織法國總部工作。他現任法國巴黎索邦大學遠東研究中心研究員,亦在法國高等研究實踐學院講授“亞洲文化景觀與遺產保護研究”並負責其教席。此外,林教授亦在天津大學建築學院、上海同濟大學建築規劃學院、廣州華南理工大學建築學院及澳門城市大學創新設計學院擔任訪問教授/客座教授及博士生導師。
林教授著作頗豐,曾以英文、法文及中文著有四部關於景觀、歷史城市和世界遺產的學術著作/書籍——包括2005年巴黎索邦大學出版社以法文出版的《從乾隆玉山談景觀表現的意向》、2010年台灣商務印書館以中文出版的《世界遺產與歷史城市》、2013年上海同濟大學出版社以中文出版的《世界文化遺產與城市》以及2018年同濟大學出版社以中英法三語出版的《孔子故里•曲阜: 邁向可持續城市》。他還撰寫過八十多篇關於保護亞洲的世界文化遺產的專業論文。
演講題目
Significance, Opportunity and Challenge of Cultural Landscape and Historical Settings Preservation and Conservation Along the Silk Roads
演講題目
In 1988, UNESCO launched its Integral Study of the Silk Roads: Roads of Dialogue project, as part of the World Decade for Cultural Development. Its objective was to highlight the complex cultural interactions which arose from the encounters between East and West and helped shape the multiple identities and rich common heritage of Eurasia. Through international scientific expeditions, seminars and meetings, and by adopting a multidisciplinary approach, the project promoted research on subjects related to the study of the Silk Roads. By virtue of the synergy established at every stage between researchers and the media, and thanks to the concrete nature and visibility of its activities and results, the project renewed interest in the Silk Roads worldwide.
李 黎
中國文化遺產研究院副院長
個人簡介
李黎,日本國立大阪大學地球綜合工學專業博士,中國文化遺產研究院副院長,研究館員,主要從事岩土文物的保護研究工作,科技部國家重點研發計畫“石窟寺岩體穩定性預測與加固技術研究”首席科學家,2021年“全國石窟寺專項調查”總負責人,負責“‘十四五’石窟寺保護利用專項規劃”、世界文化遺產地承德避暑山莊及周圍寺廟科技保護、川渝石窟保護專項、古代建築遺址材料研究等重要文物的科技保護和行業規劃,在文物保護理論、劣化機理、保護材料研發及應用等領域取得了一系列研究成果。在石窟寺、石質文物科技保護領域發表學術論文30餘篇,出版專著/譯著4部,授權國家發明專利10余項。擔任中國岩石力學與工程學會古遺址保護與加固工程專業委員會副主任委員,中國古遺址保護協會(ICOMOS CHINA)石窟寺專業委員會副主任委員。獲得國家科技進步二等獎、甘肅省科學技術進步獎一等獎,中組部萬人計畫,全國五一巾幗標兵等。
演講題目
中國海上絲綢之路體系
演講摘要
發言將重點對中國海絲體系進行闡釋、以南海交流活躍區與澳門為例進行案例分析、最後簡要介紹海上絲綢之路遺產的保護工作和規劃思路。
姜 波
山東大學教授
個人簡介
姜波,国家“万人计划”哲学社会科学领军人才;中宣部-文化名家暨“四个一批”人才;兼任国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)副主席、中国古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS-CHINA)副理事长、中国海交史研究会副会长、中国考古学会水下考古专业委员会常务副主任;先后工作于中国社会科学院考古研究所、中国文化遗产研究院和国家文物局水下文化遗产保护中心,美国哈佛大学、美国国家美术馆访问学者。现为山东大学文化遗产研究院特聘教授。
演講題目
從水下考古看海上絲綢之路
演講摘要
海上絲綢之路是東西方文明海上交流的通道。二十世紀中期以來,通過水下考古在海上絲綢之路沿線航道上發現了許多古代沉船,成為古代東西方海上交通的考古實證。印尼海域發現的“印坦沉船”“黑石號沉船”和“井里汶沉船”,時屬唐五代時期,沉船出水的中國文物如長沙窯、繁昌窯、鞏縣窯瓷器和南漢國鉛錢、“桂陽監”銀錠等,反映了9-10世紀時期,東亞、東南亞和印度洋海域的文明交流,古典時代的海洋貿易體系初顯端倪。“南海I號”“華光礁一號”“後渚沉船(泉州)”“漳州聖杯嶼沉船”,以及東北亞海域發現的“新安沉船”和東南亞海域發現的“鱷魚號沉船”,是宋元時期古代中國與東北亞、東南亞乃至印度洋海域開展海上交流的重要水下考古成果,中國的福船成為暢行東西方的主要船型,而中國的絲綢、瓷器、鐵器成為通行海洋世界的大宗貿易品,香料、象牙、名貴木材等舶來品也紛紛登錄中國,古典時代的海洋貿易進入繁盛時期。明清時期,“鄭和下西洋”“隆慶開海”成為中國走向海洋貿易大國的標誌性事件,“南澳一號”“碗礁一號”“珊瑚島沉船”等成為該時期水下考古的重要成果,在越南等地也發現了不少同時期的沉船。進入十五~十六世紀的“大航海時代”以後,西方殖民貿易體系逐漸取代古典時代的海洋貿易體系,但中國廣州“一口通商”的機制仍在發揮重要影響力,中國東南沿海地區的帆船,依然活躍在東北亞、東南亞和琉球航線。這一時期水下考古發現了不少“大航海時代”的帆船,如“聖迭戈號”“勒拿號”沉船等。水下考古發現的不同時期的沉船,生動展示了古代海上絲綢之路的歷史圖景,成為我們探討東西方海上交流的考古實證材料,彌足珍貴。
孫 鍵
國家文物局考古研究中心副主任
個人簡介
孫鍵,國家文物局考古研究中心研究員、南海一號沉船考古領隊,1987年南開大學歷史系畢業,1994年開始從事水下考古工作。10餘年來曾參加過遼寧綏中元代沉船水下考古、福建碗礁一號水下考古、西沙華光礁水下考古、廣東陽江“南海一號”水下考古以及“南澳一號”水下考古工作。
演講題目
沉船考古與海上絲綢之路
演講摘要
船舶是溝通中國與世界的橋樑,也是海絲文化的載體。海上絲綢之路上發現的沉船,表明不同文明間的廣泛交流。中國海洋文明源遠流長,在世界航海史、文化交流上所具有的有極其重要地位,在海上絲綢之路中,既是文明傳播者也是受惠者;對世界文明進步作出了貢獻,也因交流融合而獲益。通過沉船的水下考古工作,能更加真實、深入地瞭解中國古代海洋貿易、對外交流等歷史面貌,為了解、研究不同地區間的交流融合,相互學習,共同發展提供給了鮮活可靠的標本。發現於各海域的沉船,文明互鑒的真實記錄,是寶貴的文化遺產。
Tim Winter
新加坡國立大學教授
個人簡介
Tim Winter是新加坡國立大學亞洲研究所的教授及高級研究員。他曾擔任該校澳洲研究委員會教授級未來研究員,現任澳洲人文學院研究員。身為遺產外交及絲綢之路國際主義領域的主要學者,他曾擔任中國多所大學的客座講師,最近亦擔任聯合國教科文組織在這些領域的顧問。他的最新著作包括《地緣文化力量:中國為二十一世紀重振絲綢之路的探索》(芝加哥大學出版社,2019 年)及《絲綢之路:連接歷史與未來》(牛津大學出版社,2022年)。
演講題目
Conceptualising the Maritime Silk Road for International Cooperation
演講摘要
The Maritime Silk Road is fast emerging as a platform for international cooperation across multiple sectors. This presentation examines how the Maritime Silk Road should be developed and conceptualised in ways that look to both the past and the future. It argues that the Maritime Silk Road is far more than a narrative of history of connection and trade, and rather it should be understood as a mechanism for forging new forms of dialogue and international cooperation. At a time of increasing geopolitical complexity and closed borders, cultural internationalism remains an important resource for maintaining regional and even global stability, and continues to be the central pillar of UNESCO’s efforts. This presentation considers what role Maritime Silk Road internationalism can play in these emerging futures.
馮 江
華南理工大學教授
個人簡介
馮江,博士,華南理工大學教授、建築歷史文化研究中心主任;兼任中國建築學會建成遺產學術委員會理事,《建築遺產》《建築史學刊》等刊編委,廣東省文物專家委員會委員,廣州市文物管理和歷史文化名城保護委員會專家委員;先後訪學香港中文大學、意大利都靈理工大學;承擔國家社科基金冷門絕學團隊項目“廣州一口通商時期東西方建築文化交互影響研究”子課題等與海上絲綢之路建築史跡有關的研究。
演講題目
港口·腹地·鏈條:以廣州為例的海絲史跡內在邏輯思考
演講摘要
1986年,聯合國教科文組織在海上絲綢之路上發起了一次遠征之旅。廣州是海上航線的16個區域間節點之一,自西元前2世紀以來,一直是世界上重要的港口城市,保留了海上絲綢之路的豐富遺產。
在《The Silk and Spice Routes》一圖中,聯合國教科文組織描述了全球絲綢之路網絡及其沿線節點城市。然而,作為大宗商品產地的腹地、在運輸中形成完整生產鏈條的河流沿線與廣州港和海上線路之間的關係並未得到體現。
應該如何看待編織網狀的海上航線的點狀港口城市、面狀的腹地與線形的連接線之間的內在邏輯?本文以對廣州的調查和思考為例進行相關的探討。
张晓斌
廣東省文物考古研究院副院長
個人簡介
張曉斌,廣東省文物考古研究院副院長、副研究館員。中山大學社會學與人類學學院考古學及博物館學專業博士研究生。近年來,先後參與和主持開展《廣東海上絲綢之路史跡調查研究》、《丹霞山文物考古調查》、《廣東省文物考古研究所成果展》、《廣東省省級文物保護單位保護利用調研》等專案。
演講題目
文化線路視角下廣東海上絲綢之路史跡的功能與價值
演講摘要
文化線路是為了完成和實現特定的目的而具有特定功能的交通線路。海上絲綢之路作為一條典型的文化線路,在兩千多年持續不斷的交流過程中,展現了線路的貿易功能、交通功能、交流功能、信仰功能和政治功能等本身和衍生功能,使得線路的價值和內涵不斷豐富,有助於更好地理解和闡釋海上絲綢之路的突出普遍價值(OUV)。本文以廣東現存的海上絲綢之路文物史跡為基礎,認為在開展海上絲綢之路遺產遴選時,應關注線路的各方面功能,盡可能將能夠體現文化線路突出普遍價值的遺產點列入到遺產名錄中。
安樂博
山東大學客座特聘教授
個人簡介
Robert Antony專注於研究近代早期華南地區的歷史和文化。他運用歷史學、人類學及民俗研究的方法,研究近代中國航海史、犯罪史、歷史人類學和宗教史。他目前的研究項目是“暴力文化”和“近代早期中國的海盜、法律及帝國”。他現在為山東大學客座特聘教授及哈佛大學費正清中國研究中心研究員。
演講題目
The Third Silk Road: Pirates, Buried Treasures, and Sunken Ships
演講摘要
Today most people know something about the Overland Silk Road, but less about the Maritime Silk Road, although both are equally significant in Chinese and world history. Discussions about both the overland and maritime silk roads have focused on their importance in facilitating international trade and cultural exchanges. However, there is a third silk road, one that is seldom if ever mentioned, but is also important for history, archaeology, and conservation. This third silk road is the Pirates’ Silk Road. Wherever there was a flourishing trade there was sure to be pirates who preyed on that trade, and who also created their own networks of exchange through black markets. Wherever there was cultural exchange, always in the background, there were pirates who actively participated in cultural dissemination. My presentation will develop these themes with specific examples from history (with a focus on East and Southeast Asia). First, I will discuss the routes and maps relating to the maritime silk road and their connections to piracy. Next, I will look at several well-known and less-known pirate lairs and several government military installations along these routes, places where pirates allegedly buried their treasures and where states attempted to suppress piracy. Then I will talk about the exciting field of maritime archaeology to examine what has been uncovered about sunken pirate ships along the maritime silk road. Finally, I will discuss some of the contributions that pirates have made to the dissemination of folk religion and popular culture, and possible contributions that the Pirates’ Silk Road can make to contemporary historical and cultural heritage projects.
楊迅凌
澳門科技大學圖書館副館長
個人簡介
楊迅凌,國際關係博士(中外文化交流方向),現任澳門科技大學圖書館副館長、澳門地圖學會理事長。2013年起,先後作為核心成員和項目聯合負責人參與“全球地圖中的澳門”項目,從事中外古地圖及相關文獻的蒐集、整理和研究,編撰出版“全球地圖中的澳門”研究系列地圖集三卷,發表《法船“安菲特利特號”遠航中國所繪華南沿海地圖初探》、《濠鏡澳與亞馬港:香山縣若干地名考——以明代<全海圖注>為中心》等論文,組織古地圖展覽十餘場。
演講題目
《澳門至香山城山水長卷》圖考釋
演講摘要
創作於十八世紀下半葉的《澳門至香山城山水長卷》是目前已知描繪澳門氣勢最為恢宏的古代山水長卷。畫卷用接近三分之一的篇幅詳細繪製了繁華鼎盛的澳門港城,同时描繪了從澳門內港航行抵達香山城港口約120華里的航道,揭示了清代澳門與內地城市間的密切聯繫。報告通過相近時期的中外地圖和地誌畫的比對,對圖中地點進行考證和解讀,為當時澳門社會與內地交往提供了生動註解和新的研究線索。
包春磊 博士
海南省博物館研究員
個人簡介
包春磊,男,博士,研究員,研究館員。海南省拔尖人才、“南海系列”育才計劃第一批“南海名家(青年專案)”、“515人才工程”第三層次人才,海南省博士協會理事。現任海南省博物館文物保護與修復部主任,主要從事文物科技保護和南海文化遺產保護研究工作,主持省部級課題專案8項,參與國家社科基金課題多項;發表科研論文30餘篇,獲得中國發明專利2項,出版專著2部。
演講題目
“華光礁Ⅰ號”南宋沉船文物保護與開發利用
演講摘要
“華光礁I號”沉船發掘出水後一直受到人們的關注,與泉州後渚港出土宋船、陽江“南海一號”南宋沉船以及韓國新安元代沉船一樣,無不是古代中國人民智慧的結晶,同時也是福建“福船”存世的明證。而“華光礁Ⅰ號”沉船又是目前僅存六層板海船的標本,對研究我國古代海外貿易史、航海技術、造船技術有著重要的意義。對“華光礁Ⅰ號”沉船文物的保護與開發進行探索,將文物保護和開發利用相結合,力求“讓文物說話,讓歷史說話,讓文化說話”。
馬 光
澳門理工大學副教授
個人簡介
馬光,比利時根特大學博士,澳門理工大學人文及社會科學學院副教授,原山東大學歷史文化學院教授、副院長,主要研究領域為元明東亞海洋史、近代粵港澳史。著有Rupture, Evolution, and Continuity: The Shandong Peninsula in East Asian Maritime History during the Yuan-Ming Transition,已在Journal of Asian History、《近代史研究》《文史哲》等期刊上發表中英論文20餘篇,多項成果被《新華文摘》、人大複印報刊資料等轉載。曾獲國家社科基金與省社科規劃項目各兩項,獲山東省社會科學優秀成果獎二等獎兩次、三等獎一次。
演講題目
古代環黃渤海文獻與文物資料的初步考察
演講摘要
中國領海,既包括南方海域,也包括北方海洋。儘管北方海洋史同樣具有獨特的重要價值,但長期以來學術界存在著“南熱北冷”的現象,對北方海洋史的關注遠遠不足。全面收集和整理環黃渤海歷史相關的文獻和文物資料,挖掘和整理一批中外新史料,有助於全面推動北方海洋史的縱深研究。
Sharif Shams Imon
澳門旅遊學院文化與遺產管理課程學術主任
個人簡介
Sharif Shams Imon博士專研城鎮保育,擁有26年以上教學、研究和專業經驗,包括為國際組織、聯合國機構和政府提供諮詢,並曾在書籍、期刊和會議錄中發表40多篇著作。他的工作重點是歷史城市管理、遺產影響評估、遺產旅遊和遺產詮釋。目前,他擔任澳門旅遊學院文化與遺產管理課程的學術協調人、國際古蹟遺址理事會(ICOMOS)孟加拉國委員會主席以及國際歷史城鎮與村莊委員會及ICOMOS國際文化旅遊委員會的專家成員。他曾在ICOMOS世界遺產小組任職,作為技術評估員評估6項世界遺產提名,就3項世界遺產提名向締約國提供諮詢,為聯合國教科文組織及ICOMOS執行3次聯合反應性監測任務,並在16個國家為遺產和旅遊專業人士設計、管理及提供能力建設培訓項目。
演講題目
Maritime Silk Routes and Historic Urban Landscape Approach
演講摘要
Referring to the Chinese section of the Silk Road that covers both land and sea routes, the World Heritage Tentative List text highlights that the Silk Road is not just a trade route; it is “also a cultural route, a religious route, and a political route”. The imprints of something that lasted for almost two millennia and touched and shaped many diverse landscapes in economic, cultural, religious, and political dimensions are also bound to be multicultural, multidimensional, and multi-layered. In the case of the maritime silk sea route, the imprints can be seen in the coastal regions in tangible forms on land and underwater and intangible values, expressions, and practices of the people there. Such routes’ conservation and sustainable management are challenging for both conceptual and practical reasons. This paper reviews the conceptual issues related to understanding historical maritime routes, the conservation challenges that the diversity of such routes poses, and potential strategies for their delineation. Finally, it explores the possibility of applying the historic urban landscape approach to conserving the maritime silk routes.
Nia Naelul Hasanah Ridwan
印尼海事與漁業部海岸與海洋資源研究院院長
個人簡介
Nia Ridwan是一名水下及海洋考古研究科學家,亦是印尼海洋事務與漁業部沿海資源及沿海脆弱性研究所所長。她的專長及興趣包括:水下文化遺產的潛力及脆弱性;水下文化遺產遺址與水生環境的關係;可持續水下文化遺產旅遊、遺產管理及詮釋;水下文化遺產公眾意識、社區參與、社區博物館;水下文化遺產及海上絲綢與香料之路和海上網絡;水下文化遺產非法打撈及非法販賣。
Nia畢業於印尼加查馬達大學考古系,並在澳洲詹姆士庫克大學攻讀環境與遺產碩士學位。她曾在泰國參加聯合國教科文組織—曼谷皇家海軍舉辦的水下文化遺產基礎培訓及就地保護培訓,並曾參加SEAMEO SPAFA-ICCROM(東南亞教育部長組織考古與美術區域中心—國際文化財產保護與修復研究中心)在泰國、新加坡及菲律賓舉辦關於遺產保護、收集品保護、交流及社區的多項課程,並曾在巴西接受荷蘭文化遺產局的培訓。
Nia曾領導及參與33個水下文化遺產研究項目,著有98篇出版物,並受邀在澳洲、法國、雅加達、印度等地舉行的聯合國教科文組織水下文化遺產大會上發言,並在英國出席聯合國教科文組織海上絲綢之路世界遺產系列提名的專家會議。
演講題目
Re-mapping and Current Discoveries of Maritime and Underwater Cultural Heritage sites of Maritime Silk and “Spice” Road in Indonesia
演講摘要
Indonesia is one of the Asian countries to have rich and various Maritime and Underwater Cultural Heritage (MUCH) in its 3,110,000 km² seawater areas, and widely recognized as a maritime country with bustling seafaring and trading activities since centuries ago. Due to its strategic position at the intersection of the Maritime Silk and “Spice“ Road, Indonesian archipelago contains the richness of MUCH including historic shipwrecks, both known and unknown, underwater artifacts, as well as historical landmarks. The MUCH of Indonesia provides a narrative of human’s interaction with the ocean and coastal environments which strengthen cultural identity as well as the maritime link which connects countries along the Maritime Silk Road.
This paper will also contribute to providing an information on the recent discoveries of underwater and maritime heritage playing role in the maritime global commerce in western Indonesia and eastern Indonesia and put on some reviews on the efforts of re-mapping MUCH sites from distributional survey projects to be integrated into the grand scheme of Indonesian One Map Policy of underwater and maritime heritage sites for sustainable development. The discovery of Abang Island underwater site in Riau Archipelago in western Indonesia which lies on the heart of Maritime Silk and Spice Route connecting Indonesia, Malacca Strait, China, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Middle East and Europe, and the findings in Tidore Islands, North Mollucas in eastern Indonesia which is a prominent producer of cloves and nutmeg and one of the key points in the international spice trade targeted by many foreign countries in Asia and Europe are essential. These two parallel position sites on the Equator, with 2,582 km distance showed similar type of artifacts such as Chinese and Southeast Asian stonewares and Ming Dynasty porcelains. Additionally, the Portuguese cannons manufactured by Manuel Tavares Bucaro in Macao were found in North Mollucas.
MUCH conservation and management in sustainable and responsible way must be in line with a concept of Open Access for public and encourage local, regional, and global community involvement. A gallery of sunken shiploads as a place to showcase the underwater remains from shipwreck sites along with the aquarium containing the diversity of marine life which is accessible to the public as a tourist attraction is being prepared by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. It has another role as a training center which will provide on-the-job training to young people regarding maritime archaeology, marine tourism and coastal disaster mitigation. The initiative to display the underwater artifacts also put an emphasis on the need to preserve the findings and disseminate to the wider public contributing to increased awareness on MUCH conservation.
This paper will also share a bottom-up initiative for preserving MUCH through local museum or marine heritage gallery and shipwreck utilization for tourism based on active involvement of the locals with the aid from the central, provincial, and district authorities. Dissemination materials are provided to facilitate public access and motivate local communities to appreciate, protect and conserve MUCH discovered in their surrounding area. Increasing inclusiveness, community participation, providing space for the society to enhance their understanding about maritime and underwater heritage that plays a significant role in international maritime commerce network of Maritime Silk and Spice Road, and contributing to the local’s dignity are significant.
Given the challenging size of Indonesian waters and diversity of the region, and reflecting on the long history of maritime trade and cultural connections, it was clear then that future MUCH activities in Indonesia should seek systematic strategies to formulate a better approach to investigating, conserving, and managing finite and non-renewable MUCH and call on a variety of regional and global cooperation to incorporating the latest development and trends and benefitting from new perspectives and experiences on MUCH protection, conservation, as well as capacity building and its contribution to the advancement of knowledge of maritime connection history of Maritime Silk Road.
方麗珊
國際古跡遺址理事會 (ICOMOS) 共用遺產委員會主席
個人簡介
Maria José de Freitas是一名活躍的建築師,曾在葡萄牙及澳門參與各類建築改造項目。她憑藉對澳門氹仔島的五座文物建築(龍環葡韻)開展博物館化及改造項目而獲得2002年建築改造類別的ARCASIA大獎。她於1993年為東方基金會翻新的崗頂劇院(原稱伯多祿五世劇院)已被聯合國教科文組織列入澳門的世界文化遺產名錄。她曾擔任澳門土木工程實驗室建築中心主管,負責大三巴牌坊的協調工作,而大三巴牌坊亦於1994年被列入世界文化遺產名錄。2003年至2005年,她擔任葡萄牙仙德麗世界遺產中心協調員,負責編製及協調制定仙德麗文化景觀管理計劃,並於2005年2月呈交聯合國教科文組織。如今,Maria José依然活躍,除參與國際論壇外,亦繼續對被評定的文物建築開展保護及修復工作。在2013年第八屆絲綢之路論壇期間,她被任命為WCO(世界公民組織)大使。她亦是眾多專業組織的會員,包括葡萄牙古蹟遺址理事會(ICOMOS)、亞洲遺產管理學院(AAHM)、葡萄牙建築師協會、澳門建築師協會(AAM)、國際建築師聯盟(UIA)、美國建築師協會(AIA)等。
演講題目
The Maritime Silk Road: The Role Played by Macao
演講摘要
From the beginning of time, the Silk Road tied culturally and economically communities from different geographies around common objectives, becoming a model of coexistence of different concepts, a model of tolerance.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Macao’s role in the construction of the sea routes and how the city fits into this context.
The legacy inherited from the coexistence of several cultures during almost five centuries of history contributed to the generation of a specific identity incorporating several factors, constituting an important tangible and intangible heritage which was able to be partially preserved. Macau, over time, has been a stage for a meeting between the East and the West, by building and articulating its elements as a unique city, being an example of the challenges, the syntheses, and the rewritings that, in the field of architecture and urbanism, contribute to leave an indelible trace. The historic centre of Macau was recognised by UNESCO as World Heritage Site in 2005.
In this context it is relevant to see what implications this situation might have these days, in light with the Belt and Road initiative - BRI, announced by the President Xi Jinping where Macao has a role to play, taking into consideration the history and the importance given to the connection between China and the Portuguese Speaking Countries using Macau as platform as it was in the past and is projected into the future.
Gamini Wijesuriya
國際文化財產保護與修復研究中心 (ICCROM) 總幹事特別顧問
個人簡介
GaminiWijesuriya博士是2021年國際文化財產保護與修復研究中心(ICCROM)大獎的獲得者,藉此表彰他對文化遺產保護的貢獻。他擁有超過40年經驗,是世界遺產領域的國際領先專家。他在發起ICCROM的人本遺產保護與管理計劃(2008年)中發揮了重要作用——該計劃旨在制定以人為中心的遺產決策,這是由他指導的活態遺產地計劃的延伸。目前,他是ICCROM總幹事的特別顧問以及聯合國教科文組織亞太地區世界遺產培訓與研究中心(WHITRAP Shanghai)主管的特別顧問。
演講題目
Maritime Silk Road - A Path to Heritage Diplomacy
演講摘要
Tangible, intangible, and intellectual heritage recognisable as outcomes of a dialogue of the people along the maritime silk road over the years indeed are great sources to inspire, learn, celebrate, and continue to use. They can enhance heritage inventories of the countries (including World Heritage Listing) which endeavour to protect them. They are already in the national inventories of many countries, but I argue that they should play a role beyond national boundaries, which I would like to call ‘heritage diplomacy’.
In the past, we turned to the West for heritage diplomacy from which we benefitted by gaining modern conservation knowledge. Heritage diplomacy, I am proposing is broader concept and somewhat different. We should look to the countries along the silk road and try to unfold the values embedded in this category of heritage and endeavour to explore innovative ways to celebrate and protect which in turn will guarantee their long-term sustainability.
With the promotion of the people centred approach which aims to place people at the heart of the heritage discourse, we reckon that heritage should play a role in the lives of people- through the four pillars of Sustainable Development. Several ways to achieve this goal will be discussed in this presentation with some examples from Sri Lanka which was an important hub of the maritime silk road.
李和鍾
漢陽大學博物館研究教授
個人簡介
李和鍾是漢陽大學博物館研究助理教授,亦是漢陽大學文化財產研究所高級研究員。此外,他還擔任韓國國家文化遺產委員會專家委員及國際古蹟遺址理事會(ICOMOS)成員。
演講題目
Preliminary approach for Issue and challenge in Maritime Silk Road in Korea
演講摘要
This paper is aimed to explore to understand significance and value of Dangseong in the perspective of Maritime Silk Road. Dangseong has been known as an important archaeological site to witness to Matitime Silk Road. However, there are some issue and challenges to understand of wide range of significance and value of the Dangseong. In this end, this paper attempt to review academic studies on Silk Road in Korea and Dangseong in the perspective of Maritime Silk Road. It is expected to identify the issues and challenges for further study on Dangseong for Maritime Silk Road.