Coloane is the earliest location in Macao where archaeological remains were first discovered. In July 1972, the Municipal Council of Macao at that time (Leal Senado) invited archaeologists from the Hong Kong Archaeological Society to conduct a field survey in Coloane. Prehistoric pottery fragments and stone artefacts were found on the surface of the surveyed sites, including in Cheoc Van, Hac Sa (South), Hac Sa (North), Coloane Village and Ka Ho. Thereafter, in 1973, 1977, 1985, 1995 and 2006, five excavations were carried out in the area that now corresponds to the Hac Sa park, unearthing numerous archaeological remains. In the excavation of 1977, a fragmented, but complete, painted pottery basin, with a perforated ring-foot and an incised pattern, was unearthed, corresponding to the type of pottery commonly found in the Pearl River Estuary's sites of the Middle Neolithic period.
Subsequent archaeological excavations later unearthed fragments of painted pottery, corded pottery and geometric stamped pattern pottery, coins, rings and slotted rings made of quartz, as well as stone tools such as whetstones, stone hammers, stone adzes, and ring grinding tools. The archaeological excavation of 2006 later unearthed a large quantity of quartz and crystal flakes related to the production of quartz rings, as well as semi-finished products, tools, several stone plinths, coarse pottery bases and a large number of coarse pottery pieces.
Based on the analysis of the data of previous archaeological excavations and the comparative study of the same type of artefacts in the neighbouring areas, it is possible to infer that there was already early human occupation in Hac Sa, in Coloane, during the Neolithic period, that is, around 6,000 years ago.